Hover mouse over each language to see its English name and links to pages in that language:
Shqip Albanian Hollerith profile Hollerith dissertation Pantographic card punch ENIAC Eckert IBM SSEC Electronic music Backus Grosch Krawitz  | عربى Arabic Kermit Project  | հայերեն Armenian (page withdrawn)  | Azərbaycanca Azerbaijani Krawitz IBM tabulators  | Беларуская Belarusian Kermit Project timeline USSR Kermit conference The Kermit script language C-Kermit for Unix, VMS,... Kermit 95 for Windows Jacquard loom Hollerith profile Teletype machines Pantographic card punch IBM card collators IBM card sorters IBM card interpreters Columbia Difference Tabulator IBM card reproducers Plugboards First automated scientific calculations Naval Observatory Table printer IBM 405 IBM 407 IBM 610 IBM Radiotype WWII air almanac IBM SSEC IBM NORC IBM CPC Simon - the first small computer IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 CU DEC-20s Core memory IBM PC IBM portable PCIBM CS9000 Grosch Krawitz Rebecca Jones Eric Hankam course Pupin Lab Watson Lab CU's first PC lab Electronic music Kermit Project E-Kermit for embedding Kermit 95's SSH Client  | বাঙালি Bengali Backus Krawitz  | Bosanski Bosnian Hollerith dissertation  | Български Bulgarian About Kermit Hollerith PhD thesis Pantographic card punch IBM punch cards IBM 029 keypunch IBM tabulators ENIAC IBM SSEC Eckert Backus Grosch Krawitz  | Catalan Bulgarian IBM tabulators  | 中文 Chinese Simplified Kermit Project About Kermit ENIAC Backus Krawitz About Kermit Krawitz Grosch New Deal  | 繁體字 Chinese Traditional Kermit Project ENIAC About Kermit Hollerith profile Eckert Grosch Backus Krawitz IBM 610 New Deal  | Hrvatski Croatian Backus Krawitz  | Český Czech Using C-Kermit book Jacquard loom Grosch Backus Krawitz IBM punch cards Pantographic card punch  | Dansk Danish Hollerith profile Hollerith dissertation Eckert Krawitz Backus Grosch IBM card sorters IBM 2501 card reader IBM card collators IBM card interpreters The Kermit Project About Kermit | Nederlands Dutch Kermit Project Hollerith profile Grosch Backus IBM tabulators Krawitz  | Eesti Estonian About Kermit ENIAC Eckert Backus Grosch Krawitz IBM SSEC  | فارسی Farsi Kermit Project Backus IBM SSEC  | Filipino Filipino ENIAC  | Suomi Finnish Kermit Project About Kermit Jacquard loom Hollerith profile Hollerith dissertation Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Columbia Difference Tabulator Plugboards Pantographic card punch Teletype machines Watson Lab Naval Observatory WWII air almanac Backus Krawitz Rebecca Jones Eric Hankam course Pupin Lab Simon - the first small computer IBM Radiotype IBM punch cards oldpunch.html IBM 026 keypunch IBM 029 keypunch IBM card collators IBM card interpreters IBM card reproducers IBM card sorters IBM tabulators Core memory IBM NORC Table printer IBM 405 IBM 407 IBM 610 IBM CPC IBM 650 IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1410 IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train IBM PC IBM CS9000 CU's first PC lab CU DEC-20s  | Français French Kermit Project About Kermit Kermit Project timeline C-Kermit for Unix, VMS,... Kermit 95 for Windows E-Kermit for embedding The Kermit script language Jacquard loom Hollerith profile Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Watson Lab Eckert Grosch Backus Krawitz Rebecca Jones Course Plugboards IBM tabulators Reproducers.html IBM card interpreters Columbia Difference Tabulator IBM card sorters Collators The first Hollerith Keypunch Pantographic card punch IBM 026 keypunch IBM 029 keypunch First automated scientific calculations ENIAC Simon - the first small computer Teletype machines IBM Radiotype Table printer WWII air almanac IBM CPC Core memory IBM SSEC IBM NORC 405.html IBM 407 IBM 610 IBM 650 IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1410 IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 Naval Observatory IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train IBM PC IBM portable PC IBM CS9000 CU DEC-20s About the DEC-20 Pupin Lab New Deal  | ქართული Georgian 1890 Tabulator Backus Krawitz  | Deutsch German Kermit Project About Kermit Kermit Project timeline The Kermit script language C-Kermit for Unix, VMS,... E-Kermit for embedding Kermit 95 for Windows Jacquard loom Hollerith PhD thesis Hollerith profile Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Eckert Naval Observatory Grosch Krawitz Rebecca Jones Backus Course Watson Lab Pupin Lab Teletype machines IBM Radiotype Table printer WWII air almanac The first Hollerith Keypunch IBM 026 keypunch IBM 029 keypunch 405.html Plugboards IBM tabulators Columbia Difference Tabulator Collators IBM card sorters Reproducers.html IBM card interpreters IBM 407 IBM CPC First automated scientific calculations ENIAC Simon - the first small computer Core memory IBM SSEC IBM NORC IBM punch cards IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train IBM 610 IBM 650 IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1410 IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 IBM PC IBM portable PC IBM CS9000 CU DEC-20s About the DEC-20 Pupin Lab USSR Kermit conference Columbia 1968  | Ελληνική Greek Kermit Project About Kermit Hollerith PhD thesis Backus Krawitz IBM SSEC IBM tabulators  | Kreyòl Ayisyen Haitian Hollerith profile  | עִברִית Hebrew Kermit Project Hollerith profile Eckert Backus IBM SSEC New Deal  | हिंदी Hindi Kermit Project About Kermit Backus Krawitz  | Magyar Hungarian Hollerith profile Hollerith dissertation Pantographic card punch IBM tabulators ENIAC Watson Lab Eckert First automated scientific calculations Backus Krawitz Grosch IBM 650 IBM SSEC Naval Observatory WWII air almanac Table printer  | Íslenska Icelandic Hollerith profile  | Bahasa Indonesia Indonesian Kermit Project About Kermit Backus Krawitz  | Gaelige Irish ENIAC  | Italiano Italian Kermit Project About Kermit E-Kermit for embedding Hollerith profile Hollerith dissertation Jacquard loom Hollerith dissertation Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Plugboards Pantographic card punch Teletype machines Columbia Difference Tabulator First automated scientific calculations IBM Watson Lab at Columbia University Eckert Grosch Backus Krawitz Rebecca Jones Eric Hankam course IBM Radiotype Course Pupin Lab oldpunch.html IBM 026 keypunch IBM 029 keypunch IBM tabulators IBM card collators IBM card reproducers IBM card sorters IBM card interpreters ENIAC IBM punch cards IBM SSEC IBM NORC Table printer Naval Observatory WWII air almanac Simon - the first small computer IBM 405 IBM 407 IBM 610 IBM CPC IBM 650 Core memory IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1410 IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train CU DEC-20s IBM PC IBM CS9000 CU's first PC lab C-Kermit scripting tutorial Electronic music New Deal  | 日本語 Japanese Grosch Backus Krawitz  | latviešu valoda Latvian Backus  | 한국어 Korean Kermit Project Backus Krawitz New Deal  | Lietuvių Lithuanian ENIAC Watson Lab Eckert Backus Grosch Krawitz IBM SSEC  | Македонски Macedonian Krawitz Hollerith profile Hollerith dissertation Pantographic card punch IBM tabulators  | Монгол Хэл Mongolian IBM tabulators  | Norsk (Bokmål) Norwegian (Bokmål or unspecified) Hollerith profile Hollerith dissertation Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Pantographic card punch watsonlab.html Eckert Grosch Backus IBM tabulators Columbia Difference Tabulator First automated scientific calculations 407.html Simon - the first small computer IBM SSEC IBM CPC IBM NORC IBM 1403 print train IBM 029 keypunch IBM card collators reproducers.html IBM card interpreters What's a terminal? portable.html CU's first PC lab Kermit Project About Kermit E-Kermit for embedding Columbia 1968  | Norsk (Nynorsk) Norwegian Kermit Project Hollerith dissertation  | Polski Polish Kermit Project The Kermit script language E-Kermit for embedding Kermit 95 for Windows Jacquard loom Hollerith profile Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Pantographic card punch Eckert Backus Grosch Rebecca Jones Course IBM punch cards Plugboards IBM tabulators Columbia Difference Tabulator Collators IBM card sorters Reproducers.html IBM card interpreters First automated scientific calculations IBM 026 keypunch IBM 029 keypunch EBM 405 IBM 407 Teletype machines IBM Radiotype Table printer Naval Observatory WWII air almanac IBM CPC ENIAC Simon - the first small computer IBM SSEC IBM NORC IBM 610 IBM 650 Core memory IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1410 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 IBM 1620 IBM PC IBM portable PC IBM CS9000 CU DEC-20s About the DEC-20 Pupin Lab New Deal  | Português Portuguese Kermit Project About Kermit Hollerith profile ENIAC Eckert Backus IBM punch cards  | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Punjabi Backus About Kermit  | Română Romanian Kermit Project About Kermit E-Kermit for embedding C-Kermit Case Study 8 Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Hollerith dissertation 1890 Tabulator ENIAC IBM NORC IBM 610 IBM 650 IBM SSEC Hollerith profile Eckert Backus Grosch Krawitz  | Русский Russian Kermit Project timeline USSR Kermit conference The Kermit script language C-Kermit for Unix, VMS,... Columbia 1968 Electronic music Kermit Project About Kermit E-Kermit for embedding Using C-Kermit book C-Kermit Case Study 9 What's a terminal? Jacquard loom Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Pantographic card punch 1890 Tabulator oldpunch.html Hollerith profile Teletype machines Columbia Difference Tabulator First automated scientific calculations Eckert IBM Radiotype Naval Observatory WWII air almanac Table printer Grosch Backus Krawitz Rebecca Jones Eric Hankam course IBM card sorters IBM card reproducers IBM card collators IBM tabulators ENIAC IBM 405 IBM 407 Simon - the first small computer Plugboards Core memory Pupin Lab IBM NORC IBM SSEC IBM CPC IBM 610 IBM 650 IBM 029 keypunch IBM 1401 IBM 1410 IBM 5100 IBM portable PC IBM CS9000 IBM 1620 IBM 360/91 Punched cards IBM 1403 print train CU DEC-20s IBM 704 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094  | Sami Sami Hollerith dissertation  | Српски Serbian Hollerith profile IBM tabulators IBM SSEC Backus  | سنڌي Sindhi Krawitz  | Slovenčina Slovak About Kermit Plugboards IBM card sorters Naval Observatory WWII air almanac Grosch Krawitz IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM PC IBM CS9000 CU DEC-20s CU's first PC lab Electronic music  | Slovenščina Slovenian Krawitz IBM SSEC  | Español Spanish Kermit Project About Kermit Kermit Project timeline C-Kermit for Unix, VMS,... C-Kermit daily history 2010-present... Kermit 95 for Windows C-Kermit/K95 scripting Kermit FTP client E-Kermit for embedding Jacquard loom Hollerith profile Hollerith 1890 census tabulator Plugboards Teletype machines Columbia Difference Tabulator First automated scientific calculations Watson Lab Eckert Grosch Backus Krawitz Rebecca Jones Eric Hankam course IBM Radiotype Pupin Lab Simon - the first small computer IBM punch cards oldpunch.html Pantographic card punch IBM 026 keypunch IBM 029 keypunch IBM card collators IBM tabulators IBM card reproducers IBM card sorters IBM card interpreters Naval Observatory IBM SSEC IBM NORC IBM 405 IBM 407 IBM 610 IBM CPC IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train Core memory IBM 704 IBM 1401 IBM 1410 IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 CU DEC-20s IBM PC IBM portable PC IBM CS9000 CU's first PC lab Electronic music New Deal  | Kiswahili Swahili eckert.html  | Svenska Swedish Kermit Project Hollerith dissertation Watson Lab Backus IBM tabulators IBM card interpretersx IBM 2501 card reader Punched cards The first Hollerith Keypunch IBM 029 keypunch IBM 1403 print train Core memory ENIAC Naval Observatory IBM SSEC IBM 610 IBM 650 Course portable.html IBM PC CU's first PC lab Electronic music  | தமிழ் Tamil Backus ENIAC  | Татар Теле Tatar Kermit Project  | Türkçe Turkish Kermit Project Hollerith profile Backus  | Українська Ukrainian Kermit Project About Kermit Kermit Project timeline The Kermit script language C-Kermit for Unix, VMS,... Kermit 95 for Windows E-Kermit for embedding Jacquard loom Hollerith profile 1890 census tabulator Pantographic card punch Teletype machines Plugboards Columbia Difference Tabulator Pupin Lab First automated scientific calculations Grosch Backus Eckert Rebecca Jones Naval Observatory WWII air almanac Table printer Simon - the first small computer Watson LabKrawitz Eric Hankam course Punched cards oldpunch.html IBM 029 keypunch IBM card intepreters IBM card sorters IBM card collators IBM card reproducers IBM tabulators IBM Radiotype ENIAC IBM 405 IBM 407 IBM SSEC IBM NORC IBM CPC IBM 610 IBM 650 IBM 704 IBM 1620 IBM 7040 IBM 7090 IBM 7094 IBM 360/91 IBM 1403 printer IBM 1403 print train CU DEC-20s IBM PC IBM portable PC IBM CS9000 CU's first PC lab Electronic music  | اردو Urdu Kermit Project E-Kermit for embedding eckert.html Krawitz  | O’zbekcha Uzbek Kermit Project About Kermit E-Kermit for embedding Hollerith profile IBM tabulators Backus Krawitz  | Tiếng Việt Vietnamese Backus E-Kermit for embedding
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Web Page Translations

Frank da Cruz
fdc@columbia.edu
31 January 2019
     
Languages: 59   (see above)
Pages with translations:    77   (see list below)
Total translations: 836  

Last updated:  Fri Feb 23 14:59:50 2024
I'm responsible for several popular websites, including:
kermitproject.org
The Kermit Project, formerly at Columbia University, now independent (the original site at Columbia University still exists but has been "frozen" since 2011).

kermitproject.org/newdeal/
The New Deal in New York City. The hidden legacy of FDR's New Deal in NYC in photographs and text. Hosted at the Kermit Project website.

columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/
The History of Computing at Columbia University.

columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/1968/
The 1968 student uprising at Columbia University (don't ask me why Columbia filed this under "computinghistory")

Each site has pages that have been translated into one or more languages other than English (sometimes more than 30, such as this one and this one).   Note: The language and page counts shown above reflect all the translations that were made, and do not account for links that have subsequently gone bad. If you encounter a translation link that doesn't work, please notify me.

Guidelines for translators

Anyone who would like to translate any of the pages at any of these sites into a new language is welcome to do so. Normally the translation is hosted at the translator's site and linked to from the original page, as in this example, which has the language buttons on top and table of translation credits at the end.

If you would like to translate a page to a new language, send me email at the address above. Guidelines:  § Check the page you want to translate to make sure it hasn't already been translated into the same language.  § Translations should be done by a competent speaker of the given language, not Google Translate.  § The translated document should be in standard HTML (not Microsoft Word or other proprietary format).  § The link to the translated document should arrive at it directly, without any intermedediate steps such as signing in to Google or Facebook.  § If the original page contains references (to books or other websites), these do not need to be translated.  § It's OK to request linking to a commercial site, but please: no phishing or other hostile sites, no porn, no aggressive popups, etc.  § There is no charge for installing the links and credits, and no money can be paid for the translations.  § Your translated page should link back to the original page.  § Your translated page should announce its language in the <lang=xx> attribute, where xx is the ISO 6391-1 language code (see list).  § You should supply the following information about your translation so I can link to it:

  1. Name of language
  2. Link to your translation
  3. Name of translator
  4. Translator's organization or company
    (and let me know if you want me to include rel="nofollow" in the link)
See this example. Item 3 is optional if item 4 is included, and vice versa. Items 3 and 4 can also include links, e.g. to a personal page or company page.

If you want to translate a page but you don't have anywhere to host the translation, I'll be glad to host it myself.

Pages that have been translated as of the "updated" date above are shown in the table below. Click each link to see the languages each page has been translated to so far. Click a language name at the top to see which pages have been translated into that language. In the table, entries with green backgrounds have translations; if you click on the link in the first column, you'll see language buttons at the top of the page. Entries in italics with yellow backgrounds are popular pages that have no translations yet.

Index to pages

Disclaimer: Links to sites that host translations, which are in various countries governed by different laws, do not imply an endorsement of the site itself. The translations should be safe to visit but, as always, use caution when exploring unfamiliar sites. Also, note that the linked-to pages can disappear or change into something else at any time. If you notice a link that does not work, or that ends up at some page that is not a translation of the page you're visiting, please let me know by email.

Background color key:   
Column headings
  
Subheading
  
Page with translations
  
No translations yet

kermitproject.org/: The Kermit Communications Software Project
 
Page and link Title Topic
index.html Kermit Project home page Overview and links to individual pages
kermit.html About Kermit The Kermit Project, sofware, and protocol.
whatsnew.html Kermit Project timeline 1981-present
ckdaily.html C-Kermit edit history 2010-present
ck90.html C-Kermit 9.0 For Unix, VMS, and other OS's
k95.html Kermit 95 for Windows 95 and later Terminal emulation, file transfer, networking, scripting
ckscripts.html The C-Kermit script language Portable among Unix, VMS, Macintosh, Windows
ftpclient.html Kermit's scriptable FTP client For Unix, Windows, and other platforms
ek.html Embedded Kermit Kermit software for embedding
sshclient.html Kermit 95's built-in SSH Client Detailed documention for configuration and use
usingckermit.html Using C-Kermit Second Edition About the C-Kermit book
terminals.html What's a Terminal? What terminal emulators emulate
case08.html C-Kermit 7.0 Case Study 8 Kermit and Unicode
case09.html C-Kermit 7.0 Case Study 9 Printing from C-Kermit
ussr/index.html USSR Kermit Conference International Kermit conference Moscow USSR 1989

columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/: The History of Computing at Columbia University
 
Page and link Title Topic
Herman Hollerith (also see Punched-card equipment below)
hollerith profile.html Herman Hollerith The father of modern automated computing
hh/index.html An Electric Tabulating System Hollerith's Columbia PhD Dissertation (1890 Census)
ppunch1919.html Hollerith Pantographic card punch The first card punch (1890 census)
IBM Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University 1945-1970
watsonlab.html Watson Laboratory Brief overview of Watson Laboratory
krawitz.html Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory 1949 article by Eleanor Krawitz
Wallace Eckert
eckert.html Wallace Eckert Pioneer in automated scientific computation
switch.html Eckert's switch box The first automated scientific calculations 1934
navalobservatory.html Wallace Eckert in WWII Eckert's time at the US Naval Observatory
almanac.html Naval Observatory Almanacs Automating the WWII Air and Nautical Almanacs
tableprinter.html Table printer The first "computer typesetting" 1945
Other Watson Lab personalities
backus.html John Backus Pioneer in computer programming languages
grosch.html Herb Grosch Computer pioneer and commentator
course.html Eric Hankam's 3-Week Course on Computing Pioneering open-enrollment computer course 1947-1957
jones.html Rebecca Jones Eckert's Star Measuring Machine
Early computers
eniac.html ENIAC (1946) How ENIAC was programmed mainly by women
ssec.html IBM SSEC (1948) Massive computer built at Watson Lab
cpc.html IBM Card Programmed Calculator (1949) IBM's first card-programmed commercial offering
norc.html IBM NORC (1954) The first super­computer, built at Watson Lab
Punched-card equipment
jacquard.html The Jacquard Loom (1804) Controlled by punched cards
census-tabulator.html Hollerith's 1890 Census tabulator The first tabulator
firstpunch.html The first card punch Pantographic card punch - 1890 and 1900 censuses
oldpunch.html Old card punches 1890-1934
026.html IBM 026 key punch Introduced in 1949
029.html IBM 029 key punch Introduced in 1964
reproducers.html IBM Summary punches To extract selected information from a deck of cards
cards.html IBM punch cards The version used starting in 1928
plugboard.html Plugboards Programming by wiring panel
packard.html The Columbia Difference Calculator (1931) Custom-made by IBM for Columbia
tabulators.html IBM tabulators (Accounting Machines) Precursors to modern computers
sorters.html IBM card sorters To put decks of punched cards in any desired order
collators.html IBM card collators To merge decks of punched cards
interpreters.html IBM card interpreters To print interpretation of punched codes on card
405.html IBM 405 Tabulator Introduced in 1934, served in World War II
407.html The IBM 407 (1949) IBM's last tabulator
Other...
generations.html Generations 1st, 2nd, 3rd (etc) generations of computers
teletype/index.html Teletype machines The first electronic alphanumeric printing communicator
ibmradiotype.html IBM Radiotype Short-wave radio typewriter and its role in World War II
m1-ibmlogo.html WWII M1 rifles made by IBM More than 300,000 of them
pupin.html Columbia Pupin Hall (physics building) Where the WWII Manhattan Project started
simon.html Simon "The Smallest Mechanical Brain in Existence" (1950)
610.html IBM 610 Auto-Point (1954) The first personal computer, also built at Watson Lab
650.html IBM 650 MDC (1954) The first mass-produced computer
1401.html IBM 1401 IBM's first affordable general-purpose computer
1410.html IBM 1410 IBM's first computer with disk storage
1620.html IBM 1620 Small computer with core memory
core.html Core memory The first solid-state memory
704.html The IBM 704 First IBM computer with core memory
7040.html IBM 7040 mainframe 1963 Installed at Columbia in 1965
7090.html IBM 7090, announced in 1958 One of Columbia's main computers 1963-68
7094.html IBM 7094 36-bit mainframe Mid 1960s
36091.html IBM 360/75/91 coupled system Columbia's main computer 1968-1980
1403.html IBM 1403 line printer Biggest fastest high-volume printer of its time
chain.html IBM 1403 print train Novel print mechanism of the 1403
cudec20.html The DECSYSTEM-20 CU's academic computers 1977-88 (with photos)
dec20.html The DECSYSTEM-20 CU's academic computers 1977-88 (long narrative)
IBM 5100 IBM 5100 Early IBM desktop computer
cs9000.html IBM CS9000 IBM desktop laboratory computer
ibmpc.html The IBM PC The PC that took over the world in 1981
portable.html IBM Portable PC 1984 (30 pounds!) Required equipment for all Business School students
pclab.html Columbia's first PC lab Engineering Terrace 1986
cpemc.html Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center Pioneering work in electronic music

kermitproject.org/newdeal/: The New Deal in New York City
 
Page and link Title Topic
index.html NYC New Deal Home Page Links to NYC New Deal galleries and research
overview.html NYC New Deal overview FDR's New Deal and what it did in New York City
newnewdeal.html Now or Never: a NEW New Deal How to save the USA from self-destruction

Columbia University 1968 student uprising
 
Page and link Title Topic
index.html Columbia University 1968 The anti-war anti-racism student uprising, April 1968